+r and -r doesn’t matter really. most dvd players will play both formats. brand is up to you. lots and lots of people swear that verbatim is the best. i tend to go with whatever is on sale at the time
i think the factor that makes or breaks playability is the speed that you write it at. i tend to never write anything at over a 4x speed. even if it says 16x, don’t get tricked into thinking that 16x is an ok speed to write a dvd video at.
it’s really stupid because i have several philips dvd players, in fact 2 of them are the exact same models. sometimes a dvd written at 8x+ speed will work in one dvd player, but will stutter a few times in the other dvd player, even though it’s the exact same model.
although i’m sure this doesn’t matter, i have had a liteon dvd burner crap out on me after burning several hundred dvds. it stopped wanting to read cdroms, cdrw, etc - but still burnt dvd-+rs fine. then one day it totally died. i got my money’s worth out of it by that time..
Also:
Those experts at cdfreaks swear that +R is better.
they typically recommend +R for movies, -R for data.
your ads here (468x60) - after 1st post.
Complications :
Morning sickness is a problem encountered by about two out of three women, but is serious only in two or three in a hundred.
A miscarriage may occur within the first three or four months.
Pregnancy developing in an abnormal area (ectopic pregnancy) such as the Fallopian tube is a serious complication that requires urgent surgery.
Women are more likely to develop blood clots and diabetes during pregnancy, and doctors watch carefully for these complications.
Eclampsia (toxaemia of pregnancy) is a very serious complication of late pregnancy which causes high blood pressure, kidney damage, fitting, brain damage and death. It is very rare in Australia because early signs are detected by routine tests at antenatal doctors visits. Pre-eclampsia is easily treated once detected.
Premature labour occurs in about 15% of women, but is far more common in multiple pregnancies.
Outcome :
The vast majority of pregnancies result in the birth of a healthy child. Mild abnormalities occur in about 3% of births, and significant abnormalities in less than one in three hundred births.
Further information :
The Childbirth Education Association in every major city offers counselling and courses on pregnancy and labour.Clinics attached to all public maternity hospitals care for pregnant women.
Treatment :
Women should confirm the presence of a pregnancy as soon as a period is missed so that a sensible diet can be followed, and any noxious substances and drugs avoided (see Medication Table). Smoking must cease immediately a pregnancy is diagnosed, as smoking will have significant adverse effects upon the foetus. At about twelve weeks, the first doctors visit should be made, at which time blood and urine tests will be performed, and preliminary arrangements made for delivery or referral to a specialist obstetrician. Throughout the pregnancy, a doctor is seen every month for routine checks on the mother and baby. Late in pregnancy the frequency of these visits increases to fortnightly or weekly. Tablets containing iron and folic acid are often prescribed to prevent anaemia in the mother and some complications in the baby.
Diet :
A diet that is high in carbohydrates and protein is sensible. A higher intake of food than normal is generally necessary, but in the early stages morning sickness may make this difficult, and in the later stages the pressure of the large baby on the stomach may make small frequent meals necessary. Alcohol should be avoided, or taken in absolutely minimal levels.
Course :
Although pregnancy actually occurs about two weeks after a woman has her last period, for convenience, doctors always date a pregnancy from the first day of that last menstrual period. From this date, a pregnancy normally lasts for forty weeks, but it is not unusual for it to be one or two weeks shorter or longer than this.
The growth of the foetus is rapid to start with, but slows down as maturity approaches.
At 8 weeks of pregnancy the embryo is 2.5 cm. long and the nose, ears, fingers and toes are identifiable. Most of the internal organs form in the next four weeks, and by twelve weeks a 9 cm. long, perfectly formed miniature baby is present.
At 16 weeks, the baby is 18 cm. long, and the sex can be determined. The skin is bright red because it is transparent, and the blood can be seen through it.
The skin is the normal colour by 24 weeks, and the baby is 32 cm. long. This is the earliest that a baby has any chance of surviving outside the mother, but infants are at high risk if born before 32 weeks.
The miracle is completed when labour starts. The trigger for this is not accurately known, but a series of nervous and hormonal stimuli dilates the cervix that guards the opening into the womb, and starts the rhythmic contractions of the womb, that will bring another human being out into the world, who in due course, will start the cycle again.
Incidence :
85% of menstruating women will fall pregnant within one year if undertaking sexual intercourse at least once a week.
Prevention :
There are many different methods of contraception.
Investigations :
Pregnancy can be diagnosed by a urine or blood test that may turn positive as early as twelve days after sex that results in pregnancy. There is no method of determining if a pregnancy is present within that twelve days. Once diagnosed, a series of blood and urine tests will be performed at about twelve to fifteen weeks of pregnancy to check on the health of the mother. Further blood tests will be routinely undertaken a couple of times later in the pregnancy. Urine tests are performed routinely at every antenatal consultation. An ultrasound scan may be performed at about 16 weeks of pregnancy, and again late in the pregnancy if there are indications that it is necessary. A Pap smear is often performed routinely in early pregnancy.
Anatomy :
Once a month, an egg that is so small it is invisible to the human eye, is released from one of a woman’s ovaries, and travels down the Fallopian tube towards the womb (uterus). If during this journey, the egg encounters sperm released by the woman’s partner, the egg may be fertilised, and the woman falls pregnant.
Once penetrated by the sperm, the egg starts multiplying, from one cell to two, then four, eight, 16 and so on, doubling in size with each division. After ten days, the growing embryo consists of a fluid filled ball, only a couple of millimetres across. At this point it attaches to the wall of the womb and continues to grow, drawing all it needs from the mother through the placenta.
The placenta is a special outgrowth of the baby, that is firmly attached to the inside of the mother’s womb. It has blood vessels that penetrate into the womb wall, and interact with the mother’s arteries and veins to enable the baby to draw oxygen and food from the mother’s system, and send waste products to the mother for removal.
As the foetus (as the baby is known) grows, it floats in a fluid filled sack. It is like a water filled balloon, and the foetus drinks the fluid, and excretes into it through its kidneys and bowels.
One side of the balloon is especially modified into the placenta, while the rest is a fine but tough transparent membrane. The baby is connected to the placenta by the umbilical cord. At birth, this is about 80 cm. long, and runs from the belly button to the centre of the placenta, where the arteries and veins it contains fan out to interact with the mother’s circulatory system.
Humans reproduce when two cells (gametes), an egg (ovum) and a sperm, come together. Each gamete contributes half of the genetic material contained in the foetus. The hormones which control the production of sperm and eggs are called gonadotrophins. There are two types of gonadotrophins: Follicle Stimulating Hormones (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). These two hormones are produced in a tiny, pea-size gland at the base of the brain called the pituitary gland. In men, they stimulate the testicles to produce sperm and testosterone. In women they act on the ovaries, where the eggs develop, producing the female sex hormones oestrogen and progesterone.
Sperm
Sperm are produced at the rate of about 300 million per day. They take some 80 days to mature. Each sperm has a head, which contains the genetic material, and a tail, which propels it up through the vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes, to reach and penetrate the egg.
Eggs
In the woman the production of sex hormones and the release of an egg is known as the menstrual cycle. It is counted from the first day of the period ("Day 1"). In an "average" cycle of 28 days, ovulation the release of an egg from the follicle, happens on about day14. However, cycle length varies between women and it is important to note that ovulation and the fertile time occurs earlier in women with short cycles and later in women with long cycles.
At ovulation the egg is released from the ovary and picked up by the fringed end of the fallopian tube. After ovulation the empty follicle produces the hormone progesterone. This prepares the lining of the uterus (the endometrium) to retain an embryo. If an embryo does not implant, the level of progesterone drops and a period starts again.
Conception
The mature egg survives only 24-48 hours, while sperm remain viable longer. In natural conception sperm is placed inside the vagina at the time of intercourse. The mucus in the cervix (the neck of the uterus) is slippery around the time of ovulation, which enables the sperm to swim into the uterus. The uterus then contracts in such a way as to help the sperm move up into the fallopian tube to reach the egg.
Once a sperm has penetrated the shell surrounding the egg (zona pellucida) it sets up a barrier stopping other sperm from penetrating. When the head of the sperm has released its contents into the egg, the egg is fertilised. The egg then starts to divide and becomes an embryo. Few days after fertilisation the embryo implants in the endometrium and starts to produce Human Chorionic Gonadotrophins (HCG), the hormone that causes a "Positive" pregnancy test.
